Difference between super cat5 and cat6

1. It is the difference in performance between the two. The most important part of the difference between the super-category five network cable and the six-type network cable is that its performance is different. Although the Cat5e line and Cat6 line system are capable of transmitting Gigabit network speed, the standard used by Cat5e line to transmit Gigabit Internet speed is 1000Base-T, and 1000BASE-Tx is the operating situation of Cat6 system.

2. The difference in structure, from the perspective of structure, there is a clear difference between the twisted pair in Category 5 and the twisted pair in Category 6. Category 6 twisted pair has an insulating cross skeleton, and the 4 pairs of twisted pair are installed in the skeleton, and the conductor part of the cable has a larger diameter, a smaller torque, and a larger outer diameter.

3. There is also a big difference in price between the two. The six types of network cables have strong anti-crosstalk capabilities.
The price of Category 6 twisted pair will be much more expensive than Category 5e network cable.

4. The transmission speed is different. The super-category five network cables are usually used at the 100-megabit network speed, and the six-category network cables are more used at the gigabit network speed and are also suitable for the 100-megabit network speed, but the super-category five network cables are used at the gigabit network speed. At the same time, if the six-category network cable is connected to the 100-megabit network speed, it can only have the transmission effect of the 100-megabit network speed.

The Basic knowledge of CCTV CATV MATV IPTV and SMATV

1-CCTV

CCTV is the abbreviation of the sentence Close Circuit Television . It is called CLOSE as the signals here are not distributed/transmitted publically but are monitored and are available only to the authorized people to watch . The footage comes from the one or many cameras which are fixed at locations of the premises or property which has to be monitored . CCTV is generally used for the surveillance and security purpose .

A normal CCTV System comprises mainly four components of CCTV Cameras , Recorder , Storage device (or Cloud Storage Facility) and Screen/Monitor apart from the wires , connectors , power adapter etc.

Earlier we were able to watch CCTV footage only in the B&W format but with the advancement in the technology we are able to watch High Definition footage in Day Light or at night ( with the help of Visible Light or invisible Infrared light ) and also can watch and access the footage not only through the wire but wirelessly using Radio frequencies or Wi-Fi .

When we talk about the type of CCTV in broader perspective , there are mainly two type of technology Analogue and IP . In analogue cameras , the video footage recorded from the cameras are sent to the DVR in the same format ( analogue format ) where it is changed to the digital format by DVR , whether in IP cameras the video footage are changed to the digital format at the camera level and this digital format video is transmitted from camera to the NVR for storage and viewing purpose.

Analogue CCTV Cameras runs on Co-axial Cables and IP Cameras runs on Ethernet Cables .

There are special cameras now for specific purpose i.e PTZ Cameras , Motion Sensing Cameras , Fish Eye Cameras , Weather Proof Cameras , Infrared Cameras , Thermal Imaging Cameras , Nany Cams , two way communication cameras etc .

CCTV is commonly used for a variety of purposes, including:

Maintaining perimeter security in medium- to high-secure areas and installations.
Observing behavior of incarcerated inmates and potentially dangerous patients in medical facilities.
Traffic monitoring.
Overseeing locations that would be hazardous to a human, for example, highly radioactive or toxic industrial environments.
Building and grounds security.
Obtaining a visual record of activities in situations where it is necessary to maintain proper security or access controls (for example, in a diamond cutting or sorting operation; in banks, casinos, or airports).

New Developments in CCTV

Modern cameras comes in Color HD and almost all switch to infrared at night time when there is less or almost no light .The video footages we get from these cameras are so detailed now that you can know that which brand of watch the burglar was wearing. Night vision and simultaneous monitoring and recording of multiple video feed are the new technical advancements.Also , using the facility to see the video feeds wirelessly and over internet on our PC or smart phone gives us full control of our premises even when we are far away from it.

For more details on CCTVSystem and Security Cameras please click here.

2-CATV

CATV or Community Access Television is one of the most common method of transmitting television signals to a consumer’s home by means of shared coaxial cable network . It receives over-the-air signal and then transmitted it to many households by use of cables.

This cable network mimics the over-the-air radio frequency broadcast signals that would receive via a TV antennae , but they are carried on cable . CATV is a shared cable system that uses a tree-and-branch topology in which multiple households within a neighborhood share the same cable. In early time the CATV system was completely comprises of the Co-axial cables but now it can comprise of Fibre Cable and Coaxial cable (where typically the Fibre Optic Cable will be on provider’s end and Coaxial cable on the customer end ) and this type of dual cable is called a Hybrid Fibre coax ( HFC ) system . There are many advantages of using fibre cable in the system i.e.by using fibre cable we can get rid of attenuation of signals over long distances and also the problems related to the aging of the coaxial cables, using fibre cable provides more bandwidth for the future expansion.

At some places , the providers are installing Fibre Optics from end to end with no coaxial cables . This can come into the effort under FTTH ( Fibre to the Home ) .

Cable Internet Services

Internet service providers (ISPs) offer their customers cable Internet service together with television over the same CATV lines.Cable Internet customers must install a cable modem (typically, a DOCSIS modem) to hook their home broadband router or other devices to the Internet service. Home networks can also use cable gateway devices that combine the functionality of the cable modem and broadband router into a single device.

3-MATV

MATV is the short form of Master Antenna Television. Using this technology many apartment houses hotels, schools and other multi-unit buildings distribute TV and FM signals to a number of receivers. In order to accomplish this without a loss of signal quality, these systems must be carefully planned and engineered through the effective use of MATV equipment and techniques.

An MATV system is basically a network of cables and specially designed components that process and amplify TV and FM signals and distribute them from one central location to the many receiver points connected to the system . Consider the situation in which there is a tall apartment tower having 100 flats and hence 100+ TV sets , now it would be extremely expensive to Install and maintain l00 separate antennas one for each flat . This not only gives an ugly and cluttered look of the terrace but also cause interference problem to each other .

A modern MATV system can can carry analogue and digital television signals through an aerial, both free-to-view and subscription, FM radio and DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) but it cannot carry satellite signals. In a typical MATV system:

An MATV system can carry Analogue as well as Digital Signals (both type of Free to View or Subscription type ) , FM and DAB ( Digital Audio Broadcasting ) , but it has it limits of not carrying Satellite Signals .

How MATV Works?

MATV consists of one aerial which is a conventional UHF TV aerial which receives analogue and digital both type of signals .These signals are then processed in the system and delivered through the distribution network to a socket outlet on every home. From this socket we can connect TV and watch our favorites channel among the channels delivered to us .

Contact BrickwoooD to discuss the supply, installation and Maintenance of commercial MATV systems anywhere in Bangalore.

4-SMATV

SMATV stands for Satellite Master Antenna Television ( some people call it Single Master Antenna Television ) and refers to a system that uses multiple satellite and broadcast signals to create a single integrated cable signal for distribution to a cabling network. In other words, with an SMATV system, you can become your own in-house cable company.

The purpose of SMATV is for supplying and controlling the number and type of channels to multiple televisions, not only TV channels but FM channels as well. It provides Reception of DBS ( Direct Broadcast Satellite ) TV/FM channels for hotels, motels, dormitories, hospitals and commercial properties with multiple tenants, schools. Using a master antenna system video signals, audio signals and decoder signals can also be distributed.

A SMATV headend is used to receive and rebroadcast Satellite TV channels throughout a property from a single satellite feed.

How SMATV does it Work & Its Infrastructure ?

There is a single satellite dish and TV antennae which receives the program from satellite and local broadcast network. Now the signals are feed into several racks of electronic equipments which tune in the channels you choose for your cable lineup and combine them into a single cable signal . Again these feed can include local feed of in-house channels like Campus TV Station and Local Information Channel of a large gated community .

.Please let me know how many channels one can have in a SMATV headend system ?

You can distribute as many channels as you have modules in your head end system. Every TV or display in every room will receive all the channels.

Each standard definition (SD) SMATV headend rack can deliver 12-36 channels.

Each module in an HD headend system can deliver 12-24 channels.

5-IPTV

IPTV is the short form of the Internet Protocol Television and in easy terms it can be defined as secure and reliable delivery to subscribers of entertainment video and related services over the IP protocol network ( broadband or other internet connections ) which transport audio , video and control signals . These services may include, for example, Live TV, Video On Demand (VOD) and Interactive TV (iTV). It is different from the delivering videos on public internet , as with IPVT , network security and performance is tightly managed to provide a superior & safe entertainment which creates compelling business environment for content providers, advertisers and customers alike.

How IP TV is different from Normal TV

Also unlike standard cable or satellite connection, in IPTV multiple TV sets can use a single subscription within a home. IPTV gives advantage of watching a program whenever and wherever over PC , Smart TV or Smart Phone apart from tuning to any live TV shows & Sports which is aired currently . In IPTV , multiple TV sets in a home can use a single subscription , which is not the case with standard cable or satellite connection.

Lets have an example to clarify the difference between IP and Standard TV .

Cable TV or Satellite both transmit their signal to which a user can tune in . Here Cable TV is with wire and Satellite TV is wireless ( upto the point of reaching your dish) . You can watch any channel depending upon your choice and can watch the program transmitting at that time .

IPTV transmission is done by using Internet protocol (IP) based network to deliver TV channels to users’ set-top box. The internet netowork may be done by the way of cable or satellite and works on client-server model like in the case of emails , websites and other internet-based services . In cable and satellite TV the broadcast happens in real time and on transmit and forget model but in IPTV the consumer request for the real time as well as stored content and receives that via Internet Protocol network . In IPTV the content is stored at the transmitting end which can be requested and viewed at anytime by viewer,

So,how IPTV System Works ?

If we create fraternity among the IPTV , Cable & Satellite TV and Internet surfing , IPTV will be much near to the Internet Surfing than the Cable and Satellite TV .

The consumer requests and receives TV Shows and Video content is delivered to the viewer via Internet Protocol (IP) based networks instead of cable or satellite. Unlike cable or satellite where content is broadcast in real time, on a transmit and forget the model, IPTV has the ability to store the programming on servers at transmitting end, allowing users to request the content over the Internet at any time.

Classification of IPTV services- IPTV performs the following interactive services in addition to the regular telecast of the TV channels.

1) Video on Demand(VoD) : The viewers can watch any video , movie , game etc which is stored in the VoD’ server’s media library . Every user can watch individual program as per their wish from this library .

2) Near Video on Demand( nVoD):It is a pay-per-view video service intended for multiple users subscribed to nVoD service. The content broadcasting schedule is compiled beforehand and subscribers can look at the schedule and watch content according to their interest.
3) Time-shifted TV: We can watch any live broadcast later on our convenient time and we can set a time later to the time of original real time broadcast . If a soap opera comes live at 7 , but one reached home at 9 , he can set the time of that opera at 9 and can watch it . Also , one can rewind and forward a video . This is called Time –Shifted TV .
4) TV on Demand (TVoD): We can watch our selected TV Channels at anytime as the programs are stored at the transmitting end .
5) Live Television:.Live television channels which may be delivered with or without interactivity .

The difference between PVC, PE, and XLPE

The difference between PVC, PE, and XLPE

Polyethylene English referred to as PE, it is ethylene polymer, non-toxic. Easy to color, good chemical stability, cold resistance, radiation resistance, good electrical insulation. It is suitable for food and drug packaging materials, making food utensils, medical equipment, but also for the insulation of the electronics industry.

Polyvinyl chloride English abbreviation PVC, is a polymer of vinyl chloride. It is chemically stable and resistant to acids, alkalis and some chemicals. It is resistant to moisture, aging and flame. When it is used, the temperature cannot exceed 60°C and it will harden at low temperatures. Polyvinyl chloride is divided into soft plastic and hard plastic. The soft main film is used for packaging materials, rain protection products, agricultural breeding films, etc. It can also be used for insulation of cables and wires, artificial leather products. Hard, generally made pipes and plates are used as pipes and pipes for conveying corrosion-resistant fluids. The plates are used as linings and floors for various tanks.

The cross-linked polyethylene abbreviation XLPE is an important technology for improving the performance of PE. Cross-linked modified PE can greatly improve its performance, not only significantly improve the mechanical properties of PE, resistance to environmental stress cracking resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, creep resistance and electrical properties and other comprehensive performance, and The temperature rating of the PE is obviously improved, and the heat-resistant temperature of the PE can be increased from 70°C to 90°C, which greatly broadens the application range of the PE. At present, cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) has been widely used in pipes, films, cable materials and foam products.

What is CPR Class?

What is CPR?

The CPR (Construction Product Regulation) is a regulation issued by the European Union, in force since 1 st July 2016.

The purpose of the CPR is to:

Ensure the harmonization across Europe of the materials used in construction
Achieve higher safety levels for fire and dangerous substances in materials used in construction
Provide greater clarity and traceability of products used in construction
The CPR applies to all products intended to be used permanently in construction.

Is CPR a legal requirement?

CPR became a legal requirement in July 2017. For relevant classified products, suppliers will now need to provide a Declaration of Performance (DoP), showing critical information such as manufacturer’s name, product type and class met.

Some suppliers may choose to supply this with the product but it is vital that the cable is labeled to give a route to obtaining a DoP. The regulation specifies that the information must be available from the manufacturer for up to 10 years from the date of purchase. You need to know what is expected from your cable supplier – without the DoP you cannot be certain that you are buying a CPR compliant product.

What’s the CPR test standard for cable?

EN50575:2014+A1:2016 Cable CE Certification standard under the EU CPR Regulation

Cable CPR Certification–Fire Classification

EN13501-6 standard according to the cable heat release amount, the length of the destruction of fire and so on the flame of the cable is divided into seven levels: EN13501-6 Aca, B1ca, B2ca, Cca, Dca, Eca, Fca these seven levels.

The 5 items of the cable are tested by the testing agency to determine which level the cable meets:

The heat of combustion test(Standard: EN ISO 1716)
Vertical flame spread of single cable(Standard: EN 60332-1-2)
Buring behaviour and smoke production of bunched cable(Standard: EN 50399)
Smoke production of burning cable(Standard: EN 61034-2)
The acidity of gases produced by burning cables(Standard: EN 50267-2-3)

What’s the difference of Flame retardant vs fire resistant cables

Fire resistant or flame resistant, flame retardant or heat resistant… There are many terms in use, but what really separates one wire or cable from another when it comes to withstanding high temperatures, or even a full-scale fire?

Heat resistant – will operate as normal at high temperatures, but may not operate as normal in the event of a fire.
Fire resistant – can operate as normal within fire conditions.
Flame retardant – will not operate as normal within fire conditions, but will actively prevent the fire from spreading.

Heat resistant cables

Firstly, we have heat resistant cables, which are slightly separate from the others. A heat resistant or high temperature wire or cable will make no performance promises if exposed to flames, but it will resist higher temperatures without melting. Basic wire and cables, like the kinds used in house wiring, will typically survive 70°C – 120°C, so high temperature cables can be considered anything from around 125°C up to the most resilient plastic: PTFE, which can continuously operate at 260°C and can even achieve <400°C for short periods.

Fire resistant cables

Moving from heat to fire, we should note that these terms are not interchangeable. A plastic that is heat resistant may still burn easily, while a highly flame retardant material may only survive in relatively low temperatures. There are two key questions to ask when considering which cable or wire to use in fire conditions: if it comes into contact with fire does it burn? If so, will it allow the fire to spread further? Fire resistant cables can continue to operate as normal within fire conditions without setting fire on its surroundings.

Flame retardant cables and materials

Flame retardancy – also known as flammability – refers to how easily the plastic in a cable can catch fire, whether it drips when it does, and whether those droplets will be flaming or not. A good, flame retardant material will be able to sit in a flame without catching fire, and if the flame is of sufficient intensity that the insulation or sheath does catch fire, it will then self-extinguish as soon as the flame source is removed. Flame retardant materials can be found in both fire resistant and flame retardant cables.

Flame propagation

Flame propagation – increasingly referred to as flame spread – looks at how the cable burns. Unlike flammability, the flame spread properties can change from design to design, even if the materials used in the cable concept remain the same. This is because the amount of air and volume of plastic in the cable have a significant effect on the cable’s ability to spread the fire as it burns. When developing a new cable concept, it is common to test the smallest, median and largest cables to ensure that the concept still passes despite changes in material thickness or ratio of compounds in the cable. Fluoropolymers like ETFE, FEP and PTFE are among the best materials for flame propagation.

What Coax Cable Type Can I Choose,RG59 or RG6?

You may ask :”what coax cable type can i choose ,RG59 or RG6 ?what is the number of shielding? What about braiding? Do i need to get Plenum Rated cable? Or Direct Burial?” There is a seemingly endless list of options and picking the wrong type of coax could result in spending a lot more money than what you were planning. In this comprehensive article we’ll go through a few basics of coaxial cable so you should know what you need.

First, What is RG?

Coaxial cables use RG ratings to distinguish between the different kinds of cables. RG is an old, mostly forgotten military term that stands for “radio guide.” The number distinguishes the different cable specifications, but they are randomly assigned, so don’t look for some type of order in the numbers. Literally dozens of coaxial cables have been made over the years, but the only ones that most people need to worry about are RG 6 cable and RG 59 cable, so those are the two types we are going to focus on here.

RG 6 vs RG 59 Applications

RG 6 is recommended for your CATV, satellite, TV antenna, or broadband internet. RG 59 is generally better for most CCTV systems and other analog video signals. What you really need to consider are the frequency ratings your equipment uses. If your equipment uses higher frequencies (above 50 MHz), then you’ll want to go with RG 6. If your frequencies are lower than that, then you’ll want to use RG 59.

RG 59 (In-Depth)

RG59 cable has been around for a long time. This cable used to be what most people used for their cable TV connection and is very commonly installed in older homes and commercial buildings. However, many modern signal requirements have made this cable less popular in the last few years. RG 59 has a smaller conductor than RG 6, which means that it can’t achieve the same signal quality as RG 6. The way its shielding is designed also means that it doesn’t keep Gigahertz level signals inside the conductor very well. This is why RG 59 probably isn’t a good choice for your TV or internet connection.

The braided shielding in RG 59 was designed around (relatively) long waveforms of megahertz interference. That makes it good for lower frequency signals (anything under about 50 MHz). It is commonly used for composite or component video signals (often in the mini-coax variety). That also makes it a good choice for a closed circuit television (CCTV) video surveillance system. You can even make your installation easier by getting what’s called “Siamese coaxial cable.” This cable consists of a RG 59 cable merged together with a 2C power cable. By using this type of cable, you can run the power and video for your security cameras simultaneously, effectively cutting your install time in half.

RG 6 (In-Depth)

Satellite and internet signals run at higher frequencies than traditional analog video, and when TV broadcasts changed from analog to digital, and cable companies started switching to digital, the higher freuqencies made it necessary to find a more effective coaxial cable. RG6 cable was designed to fulfill these requirements. It has a larger conductor, which gives you much better signal quality. The dielectric insulation was made thicker as well. RG 6 is also made with a different kind of shielding, which allows it to more effectively handle Ghz level signals. While many RG 59 cables uses a foil shield in addition to the braid, RG 6 made it mandatory. The braid was originally in a looser weave (e.g. 60% versus the 90%+ of RG59) but many RG6 cables use a high-percentage braid now too.

Other Factors to Consider When Buying

Deciding between RG 59 and RG 6 is only part of the process. Each class of cable can have different types of shielding or jacket and may or may not be rated for your chosen installation.

RG-6/U

RG-6 can also be found with the designation “RG-6/U,” but there is no official designation for the U. Some say that it means “universal” or “for general utility use.” Others say that it refers to the type of jacket the cable has, but this isn’t always the case. For all intents and purposes RG-6 and RG-6/U are the same. If you need a certain type of jacket, make sure and check the specs. But we’ll get into different jacket types later on.

Shielding

Shielding prevents ‘noise’ from interfering with your signal, and therefore preserves your signal quality. Coaxial cables usually come with two types of shielding: braid and foil. Most coaxial cables include both (although some RG 59 cables still use single shielding). In general, the more shielding you have, the better your cable will perform, especially in longer runs, but there are differences in what the shields protect. Foil shielding typically involves an aluminum or mylar foil bonded to the dielectric, underneath a metal braid. Foil is very effective at protecting against high frequency electromagnetic interference (EMF). Braided shielding is a collection of many small wire strands braided around the outside of dielectric (and/or foil). The braid is effective against lower-frequency interference. RG 59 cable uses a copper braid and RG 6 can use copper or an aluminum braid.

There are “quad shielded” cables that have an extra layer of foil and braid shielding and can offer better protection. However, newer coaxial cables can use a 95% braid to perform better without the extra bulk and weight of quad shielded cables.

Signal Loss

While shielding techniques keep external signal from affecting our signals, there is always some signal loss over the length of any cable. Here’s the breakdown of signal loss (attenuation) in decibels for 100 ft. of cable. Just remember, the longer your cable runs are, the more signal loss you will experience. That’s why it’s best to keep your installation lengths as short as possible.

RG 59 Signal Loss (in dB) per 100 ft

Loss at 50 MHz: 2.4 dB
Loss at 100 MHz: 3.4 dB
Loss at 400 MHz: 7.0 dB
Loss at 900 MHz: 11.1 dB
Loss at 1000 MHz: 12.0 dB

RG 6 Signal Loss (in dB) per 100 ft

Loss at 50 MHz: 1.5 dB
Loss at 100 MHz: 2.0 dB
Loss at 400 MHz: 4.3 dB
Loss at 900 MHz: 6.8 dB
Loss at 1000 MHz: 7.0 dB

Cable Jacket

Plenum Rating

Plenum spaces are the open spaces above the ceiling or below the floor that are used for air circulation. These spaces are important for air circulation in commercial buildings, but they also bring some problems if you ever have a fire because of the high oxygen content and lack of fire barriers.

Using untreated cables in plenum spaces can spread the fire to other areas very quickly and spread noxious smoke throughout the building. Plenum cables are coated with flame retardant and made using special plastics that don’t release toxic gasses or smoke nearly as much as other plastics to help prevent this problem. Any cable that you run through plenum spaces must be plenum rated.

Outdoor and Direct Burial Coax

If you are running cable outside, it has to have added protection from the weather and the elements. Outdoor cable has been specially designed to resist the elements. They come with a PE (polyethylene) jacket instead or UV treated PVC jacket. The outdoor rated jacket makes this cable extremely resistant to cold weather, moisture, chemicals, abrasion, and cutting.

When you bury a coaxial cable, moisture becomes even more of an obstacle. Without added moisture protection, you risk moisture and contaminants entering into the cable and corroding your shielding and conductor. Direct burial cable has the special PE jacket that outdoor coax has, along with a special gel-like substance in the jacket that blocks water and moisture corroding your conductor and damaging your signal.

WHAT THE MEANING OF UTP, S/UTP, FTP, STP AND SFTP ?

When it comes to copper cabling, choosing the level of shielding you want the cable to have can prove a minefield of confusing acronyms and perplexing industry technology. We’ve put together this handy guide to help you understand the meaning of some of the most common terms.

The shielding inside your cable acts as a barrier to protect the cable from electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio frequency interference (RFI) and crosstalk between pairs and adjacent cables. It also prevents the signal from the cable interfering with surrounding equipment. The various levels of shielding offer a range of different advantages suitable for a number of applications.

U/UTP: UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIRS

Also known as UTP, this is currently the most common and basic method of cable construction, consisting of pairs of wires twisted together. There is no shielding, instead the symmetrical twist in the wires create a balanced transmission line, helping to reduce electrical noise and EMI. In addition, the different twist rates of each pair can be used to reduce crosstalk. In higher category cables, a cross-web filler may be found separating the individual pairs to help reduce alien crosstalk from adjacent cables.

F/UTP: FOILED WITH UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIRS.

Often referred to as FTP, this type of cable features an overall foil shield wrapped around unshielded twisted pairs and a drain wire. When the drain wire is correctly connected, unwanted noise is redirected to ground, offering extra protection against EMI/RFI.

S/UTP: SHIELDED WITH UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIRS.

This cable construction has an overall braid screen with unshielded twisted pairs. This cable is often referred to as an STP, however this term should be used with caution due to other shielded cables also using this term. Always check whether the cable will have any shielding and whether individual pairs have their own shield. The cable is capable of supporting higher transmission rates across longer distances than U/UTP and provides better mechanical strength and grounding due to the braid.

SF/UTP: SHIELDED AND FOILED WITH UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIRS.

This cable has both an overall braid shield and foil shield with unshielded twisted pairs. This cable offers effective protection from EMI both from the cable and into the cable as well as much better grounding due to the additional braid.

U/FTP: UNSHIELDED WITH FOILED TWISTED PAIRS

This type of cable has no overall shielding but the individual twisted pairs are wrapped in a foil screen, offering some protection from EMI and crosstalk from adjacent pairs and other cables.

F/FTP: FOILED WITH FOILED TWISTED PAIRS

This type of cable features an overall foil shield with individually foil tape shielded twisted pairs. These are similar to F/UTP cables, with the addition of a foil shield around each twisted pair. The cable construction is designed to provide the assembly with greater protection from crosstalk from adjacent pairs and other cables, RFI and EMI.

S/FTP: SHIELDED WITH FOILED TWISTED PAIRS

Similar to F/FTP, the individual twisted pairs are wrapped in a foil tape before being wrapped in an overall flexible yet mechanically strong braid screen. The additional foil on the twisted pairs helps to reduce crosstalk from adjacent pairs and other cables. The braid provides better grounding.

SF/FTP: SHIELDED AND FOILED WITH FOILED TWISTED PAIRS

Offering the maximum protection from RFI/EMI, crosstalk and alien crosstalk, this cable has both an overall braid shield and foil shield, with individually foil tape screened twisted pairs. This type of cable provides the best level of protection from interference and better grounding due to the braid.